Engine FailureĪn engine failure or an emergency, which requires the immediate shutdown of an engine, will normally result in the requirement for a descent. This, in turn, will determine what (if any) limitations must be applied to any route of flight that might be under consideration. These threats include:Īnalysis of these threats against the capabilities of the specific aircraft type and configuration will determine which of them defines the most restrictive terrain clearance profile. The primary threats to safe flight over extensive areas of high terrain are those situations which result in the immediate requirement to initiate a descent. To satisfy the commercial imperative while maintaining an acceptable level of safety, operators have developed escape routes and the associated procedures for use in the event of an emergency whilst overflying extensive high terrain. This is not desirable from a commercial standpoint. Avoidance of these areas by transiting aircraft could potentially add hundreds of extra miles to a given route and result in a substantial increase in flight time and the associated costs. These exceptions include central Asia due to its very extensive areas of high terrain. There are several exceptions to the premise of minimum exposure time. In most areas, however, the relatively short exposure time to the high terrain negates the requirement for predetermined escape routes and procedures. In many parts of the world, aircraft are routinely flown over terrain that has minimum obstacle clearance altitudes (MOCA) exceeding 10,000'. Where that route involves the overflight of extensive areas of high terrain, it is critical that escape routes and procedures be developed and used in the event that an emergency requires that the aircraft must descend to an altitude that is below the Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude (MOCA). In commercial operations, it is highly desirable that the most direct route between two airports be flown whenever possible.
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